Artwork
The Madonna Enthroned

The Madonna Enthroned is a tempera painting by the Byzantine icon painting artist Unknown. It dates from 1350 and is held in the collection of the Brooklyn Museum.
About this work
Overview
The work titled “The Madonna Enthroned” is a tempera painting whose underlying structure has been examined through radiographic imaging. The X‑ray reveals a skeletal composition of two human figures outlined in white, positioned in the upper‑left and lower‑left zones of the panel, set against a muted gray ground that hints at the original layout before surface layers were applied.
Subject & Meaning
The white silhouettes correspond to the central figures traditionally associated with a Madonna and Child motif, suggesting a devotional intent. Their placement within the composition indicates a hierarchical arrangement, with the Madonna likely occupying the upper outline and the infant or attendant figure below, reflecting common iconographic conventions of the period.
Technique & Style
Executed in tempera, the painting would have involved pigment mixed with a water‑soluble binder such as egg yolk, applied in thin, semi‑transparent layers. The X‑ray’s darker gray zones point to variations in underdrawing or the presence of preparatory sketches, indicating a careful planning stage typical of medieval and early Renaissance panel work.
History & Provenance
Details about the painting’s origin, date, or ownership are not provided in the available documentation. The existence of an X‑ray study suggests that the work has undergone scholarly examination, possibly within a conservation or research context, to better understand its construction and condition.
Context
Madonna enthronement scenes were a staple of religious art, serving both liturgical and private devotional functions. The use of tempera aligns the piece with a long tradition of panel painting before the widespread adoption of oil, situating it within a broader historical framework of medieval iconography.



















