Artwork
Untitled

Untitled is a graphite drawing by Joseph E. Yoakum. It dates from 1958 and is held in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art. Created in 1958, this drawing by Joseph E.
About this work
Overview
The work presents a landscape through non-literal, fluid forms that suggest natural features without direct representation.
Created in 1958, this drawing by Joseph E. Yoakum is executed in black ballpoint pen, blue felt-tip pen, and colored pencil on paper. It belongs to the collection of The Museum of Modern Art. The work presents a landscape through non-literal, fluid forms that suggest natural features without direct representation. Its intimate scale and spontaneous line quality reflect the artist’s personal approach to memory and place.
Subject & Meaning
The drawing evokes a landscape through abstracted contours resembling hills, trees, and waterways, but does not depict any specific location. Yoakum often drew from imagined or remembered places, blending personal experience with mythic geography. The forms appear to emerge from an inner vision rather than external observation, suggesting a psychological or spiritual topography rather than a literal one.
Technique & Style
Yoakum used layered pen and pencil lines to build texture and rhythm, combining precise contours with loose, swirling strokes. Bold outlines define organic shapes, while colored pencil adds subtle warmth through hues of green, orange, and yellow. The interplay of controlled lines and freehand marks creates a dynamic tension, giving the surface both structure and movement without traditional perspective.
History & Provenance
This work was made during the final decade of Yoakum’s life, when he produced hundreds of drawings after retiring from manual labor. He gave many to friends or sold them for small sums. The Museum of Modern Art acquired it later, as part of a broader recognition of his output, which remained largely unknown during his lifetime due to his outsider status and lack of formal training.
Context
Yoakum worked outside the mainstream art world, with no formal education or institutional ties. His drawings emerged from a personal practice rooted in memory, faith, and travel stories. In the late 1950s and 60s, his work intersected with growing interest in self-taught artists, though he remained isolated from the art scene, creating in quiet solitude in his Chicago apartment.
Legacy
Yoakum’s drawings, including this one, have since been recognized for their unique synthesis of narrative, abstraction, and emotional resonance. Though he was not part of any movement, his work now informs discussions on vernacular art and the boundaries of artistic authority. His legacy endures through institutional collections and renewed scholarly attention to artists who worked beyond established systems.
Artist & collection
Artist
Joseph Elmer Yoakum was an American self-taught painter. He was of African-American and possibly of Native American–descent, and was known for his landscape paintings in the outsider art-style. He was age 76 when he…











