Artwork

Detail of a Ram, Tomb of Khnumhotep

Detail of a Ram, Tomb of Khnumhotep, by Nina M. Davies, unspecified, 1899
Detail of a Ram, Tomb of Khnumhotep, by Nina M. Davies, unspecified, 1899

Detail of a Ram, Tomb of Khnumhotep is an unspecified painting by the Impressionist artist Nina M. Davies. It dates from 1899 and is held in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

About this work

Overview

This drawing records a single ram depicted in the tomb of Khnumhotek (also known as Khnumhotep), an elite burial site from Egypt’s Fifth Dynasty.

This drawing records a single ram depicted in the tomb of Khnumhotek (also known as Khnumhotep), an elite burial site from Egypt’s Fifth Dynasty. Executed by the Egyptologist‑illustrator Nina M. Davies, the work forms part of a systematic survey of tomb wall paintings undertaken with her husband, Norman de Garis Davies, during the early‑to‑mid‑20th century. The piece is now part of the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s collection.

Subject & Meaning

The animal is rendered as a large, dark‑filled ram with tightly coiled, serpentine horns and a pronounced, drooping lower lip. In Egyptian symbolism, rams were associated with fertility, strength, and the god Khnum, who was believed to shape humanity on a potter’s wheel. The presence of a smaller creature at the ram’s feet may suggest a hierarchical relationship or a narrative scene linked to funerary rites.

Technique & Style

Davies employed a precise, line‑based drawing technique to capture the original wall pigment’s tonal contrasts. The ram’s silhouette is filled in solid black, set against a light, unadorned background that isolates the figure. The exaggerated curvature of the horns and the emphasis on mass reflect the artist’s intent to convey both the animal’s physical power and its ritual significance, while remaining faithful to the tomb’s original composition.

History & Provenance

The illustration was produced as part of the Davies couple’s extensive field documentation of Egyptian tombs, a project that spanned several decades in the 1900s and 1920s. After its completion, the drawing entered the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, where it is catalogued as a reference for scholars studying Fifth Dynasty funerary art and the iconography of rams within that period.

Context

The Tomb of Khnumhotep, located at Saqqara, contains a rich program of animal and deity imagery typical of elite Old Kingdom burials. Rams appear frequently in such contexts, often linked to the cult of Khnum and to concepts of regeneration. The drawing therefore provides insight into how ordinary workshop artists rendered these motifs and how modern Egyptologists like the Davieses preserved them for future research.

Artist & collection

Artist

Nina M. Davies

The Egyptologists Nina M. Davies (6 January 1881 – 21 April 1965) and Norman de Garis Davies (1865–5 November 1941) were a married couple of illustrators and copyists who worked in the early and mid-twentieth century…