Artwork

Untitled

Untitled, by Chryssa (Vardea-Mavromichali), gouache, 1959
Untitled, by Chryssa (Vardea-Mavromichali), gouache, 1959

Untitled is a gouache drawing by Chryssa (Vardea-Mavromichali). It dates from 1959 and is held in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art. Created in 1959, this drawing by Chryssa combines ink, synthetic polymer paint, gouache, and pencil on a base of printed paper.

About this work

Overview

Created in 1959, this drawing by Chryssa combines ink, synthetic polymer paint, gouache, and pencil on a base of printed paper.

Created in 1959, this drawing by Chryssa combines ink, synthetic polymer paint, gouache, and pencil on a base of printed paper. The work emerges from a period of intense material experimentation in her New York studio, where she moved beyond traditional drawing into layered, mixed-media compositions. Its surface retains traces of its original printed texture, partially obscured by hand-applied marks.

Subject & Meaning

The piece presents no recognizable imagery, instead arranging abstract symbols—dots, lines, and irregular squiggles—in rigid grid formations. Scattered numerical fragments, such as '77' or '2,' suggest coded systems without clear meaning. The absence of representational forms emphasizes process over narrative, inviting attention to rhythm, repetition, and the physical act of marking.

Technique & Style

Chryssa layered gouache and synthetic polymer paint over printed paper, allowing underlying text or patterns to show through faintly. The hand-drawn elements, though precise in arrangement, retain the irregularity of manual execution. The use of monochrome tones—black, white, and gray—focuses the viewer on structure and texture rather than color, reinforcing the work’s conceptual rigor.

History & Provenance

This work dates from Chryssa’s early New York years, when she was developing her signature approach to material hybridity. Though she later gained recognition for light-based sculptures, this piece reflects her formative phase of exploring drawing as a site for innovation. Its survival as a single sheet suggests it was not part of a larger series, but rather a standalone study in abstraction.

Context

In the late 1950s, New York artists were redefining drawing beyond illustration, embracing process and materiality. Chryssa’s use of printed paper as a foundation aligns with contemporaries who incorporated found surfaces, while her systematic arrangement of marks echoes emerging interests in seriality and systems-based art, distinct from the emotional intensity of Abstract Expressionism.

Legacy

Though less known than her later luminous installations, this drawing reveals the conceptual foundations of Chryssa’s practice: an interest in layered surfaces, coded visual language, and the tension between order and spontaneity. It stands as an early example of how drawing could function as a laboratory for ideas later realized in sculpture and light.

Artist & collection

Portrait of Chryssa (Vardea-Mavromichali)

Artist

Chryssa (Vardea-Mavromichali)

Chryssa Vardea-Mavromichali (Greek: Χρυσά Βαρδέα-Μαυρομιχάλη; December 31, 1933 – December 23, 2013) was a Greek American artist who worked in a wide variety of media.

This work is in the public domain (CC0). Image source: Museum of Modern Art open access. Spotted an error in this record? Tell us.