Artwork

Midas, Transmuting All into Paper

Midas, Transmuting All into Paper, by James Gillray, watercolor, 1797
Midas, Transmuting All into Paper, by James Gillray, watercolor, 1797

Midas, Transmuting All into Paper is a watercolor print by the Romanticist artist James Gillray. It dates from 1797 and is held in the collection of the National Gallery of Art.

About this work

Overview

James Gillray’s 1797 print *Midas, Transmuting All into Paper* satirizes contemporary monetary policy. The composition centers on a regal figure in a red cloak, clutching a golden orb, set before a façade labeled “Bank of England.” A throng of distressed onlookers clutch papers and coins, conveying panic and confusion.

Subject & Meaning

The crowned man represents King Midas, here transformed into a commentator on the era’s paper‑currency crisis. By turning everything he touches into paper, Gillray mocks the proliferation of banknotes and the resulting economic instability, suggesting that the monarch’s touch spreads financial chaos among the populace.

Technique & Style

Gillray employed a fine etching line on laid paper, later enhanced with hand‑applied watercolor. The bold reds and golds highlight the central figure, while the crowded foreground is rendered in finer, more subdued tones, creating a dramatic contrast that emphasizes the satirical narrative.

History & Provenance

Issued in 1797, the print circulated widely in pamphlets and broadsheets, reaching a broad audience across Britain. Gillray’s reputation as the pre‑eminent political caricaturist of his day ensured the work’s rapid dissemination, influencing public opinion on the Bank of England’s policies during the period.

Artist & collection

Portrait of James Gillray

Artist

James Gillray

James Gillray (13 August 1756 – 1 June 1815) was an English caricaturist and printmaker famous for his etched political and social satires, mainly published between 1792 and 1810.

This work is in the public domain (CC0). Image source: National Gallery of Art open access. Spotted an error in this record? Tell us.