Artwork
The Head of Saint John the Baptist Brought before Herod
The Head of Saint John the Baptist Brought before Herod is a tempera painting by the Early Renaissance artist Giovanni di Paolo. It dates from 1458 and is held in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago.
About this work
Overview
This tempera on panel painting depicts a pivotal moment in the narrative of Saint John the Baptist, forming one part of a larger series originally comprising 12 panels, possibly from a reliquary shrine.
Subject & Meaning
The scene shows the severed head of Saint John the Baptist being presented to King Herod on a golden platter, illustrating the culmination of John's martyrdom at Herod's hands, a consequence of his prophetic role in Christianity.
Technique & Style
Executed in tempera on panel with liberal use of gold leaf and vibrant colors, the painting was designed to illuminate under candlelight, enhancing the dramatic and sacred nature of the narrative.
History & Provenance
Originally one of 12 panels, this work is now one of six held by the Art Institute of Chicago, believed to have once adorned the doors of a reliquary containing a relic of Saint John the Baptist.
Context
Part of a narrative series tracking John's life from asceticism to martyrdom, this panel contextualizes his execution within the broader story of his prophetic mission and ultimate sacrifice.
Artist & collection
Artist
Giovanni di Paolo di Grazia was an Italian painter, working primarily in Siena, becoming a prolific painter and illustrator of manuscripts, including Dante's texts.
The Adoration of the Magi
The Presentation of Christ in the Temple
Madonna and Child with Two Angels and a Donor
Paradise
Saint Catherine of Siena Beseeching Christ to Resuscitate Her Mother
Saint Catherine of Siena Receiving the Stigmata
The Annunciation to Zacharias; (verso) The Angel of the Annunciation
The Creation of the World and the Expulsion from Paradise
Salome Asking Herod for the Head of Saint John the Baptist
Saint Anthony Distributing His Wealth to the Poor
The Feast of Herod and the Beheading of the Baptist
The Feast of Herod and the Beheading of Saint John the Baptist
The Marriage at Cana
The Banquet of Ahasuerus
The Wedding Feast at Cana
The Marriage Feast at Cana
Birth of the Virgin and Presentation at the Temple
Episodes from the Lives of Mary Magdalen and Saint John the Baptist