Artwork
Rough sea with ships

Rough sea with ships is an oil painting by the Dutch Golden Age artist Ludolf Bakhuizen. It dates from 1696 and is held in the collection of the Rijksmuseum.
About this work
Overview
Rough sea with ships is a 1696 oil painting by Ludolf Bakhuizen, a prominent Dutch artist of maritime scenes.
Subject & Meaning
The painting depicts a stormy sea with three ships navigating turbulent waves. On a rocky foreground shore, figures react to the turmoil, while the dark, cloudy sky and billowing sails heighten the sense of drama.
Technique & Style
Bakhuizen's use of chiaroscuro creates a vivid contrast between light and shadow, making the waves and sails appear to glow in certain areas, adding to the dynamic energy of the scene.
History & Provenance
Painted during the Dutch Golden Age, Rough sea with ships is now held in the Rijksmuseum collection, a testament to Bakhuizen's status as a leading seascape painter following the van de Velde family's departure from the Netherlands in 1672.
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Artist & collection
Artist
Ludolf Bakhuizen (28 December 1630 or 1632 – 7 November 1708) was a German-born Dutch painter, draughtsman, calligrapher and printmaker.













