Prajnaparamita flanked by two female figures, folio 1 (verso), from a Manuscript of the Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines (Ashtasahasrika Prajnaparamita-sutra)

Executed on a light‑colored palm leaf, the painting employs mineral pigments that give the figure a radiant, golden complexion, echoing the natural tone of the support. The artist delineates the deity’s four arms with precise line work and decorative motifs, and the halo surrounding her head is rendered in fine gold leaf, enhancing the luminous effect.

The surviving leaf entered the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art in the early twentieth century, where it remains preserved.

The folio is part of a larger manuscript of the Ashtasahasrika Prajñāpāramitā‑sūtra, though the accompanying text on this leaf is a preface of devotional verses known as the Prajñāpāramitā‑stotra of Rahula. The second folio, which would have continued the hymn, is missing. The surviving leaf entered the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art in the early twentieth century, where it remains preserved.

In Buddhist artistic tradition, Prajñāpāramitā is often depicted with multiple arms and a serene expression, symbolizing her all‑encompassing wisdom. The use of palm leaf as a writing material was common in South and Southeast Asian manuscript production, and the integration of a painted deity on the same support reflects a self‑referential visual strategy typical of medieval Buddhist codices.