Artwork
Ascension of Christ with the Hetoimasia

Ascension of Christ with the Hetoimasia is a tempera painting by the Byzantine icon painting artist Andreas Ritzos. It dates from 1450 and is held in the collection of the National Museum of Western Art.
About this work
Overview
Created circa 1450 by the Cretan iconographer Andreas Ritzos, this tempera panel presents a complex religious tableau that combines the Ascension of Christ with the symbolic Hetoimasia, or prepared throne. The work exemplifies the Cretan School’s adherence to the Byzantine visual language, employing a gold ground and vivid pigments to convey sacred narrative.
Subject & Meaning
At the composition’s centre, a bearded Christ, haloed in gold, ascends amid a host of angels, while figures below—including saints such as Anthony the Great and Catherine of Alexandria, as well as the emperor Constantine—observe the event. The Hetoimasia, a throne prepared for the Second Coming, anchors the scene, linking the Ascension with eschatological expectation.
Technique & Style
Ritzos employed the traditional tempera method on panel, building layers of egg‑based pigment to achieve the luminous reds, blues, and golds characteristic of the *maniera greca*. The figures are rendered with the flat, linear outlines and stylised drapery typical of Byzantine iconography, while the gold background unifies the composition and emphasizes its spiritual focus.
History & Provenance
The painting entered the collection of the National Museum of Western Art, where it remains on display. Its attribution to Ritzos situates it within the early phase of the Cretan School, a period when Greek artists began to synthesize Byzantine tradition with emerging Western influences.
Context
The inclusion of imperial and monastic saints reflects the 15th‑century Byzantine practice of linking theological themes with contemporary political authority. By portraying Constantine alongside ascendant Christ, the work underscores the perceived continuity between the founding emperor’s Christian legacy and the divine narrative of salvation.
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Artist & collection
Artist
Andreas Ritzos (Greek: Ανδρέας Ρίτζος; 1421—1492; also spelled Rico, Ricio or Rizo) was a Greek icon painter from Crete.








