Artwork
Plate 4: Llama and Moose

Plate 4: Llama and Moose is a gouache drawing by the Renaissance artist Joris Hoefnagel. It dates from 1594 and is held in the collection of the National Gallery of Art.
About this work
Overview
Created circa 1594, *Plate 4: Llama and Moose* is a watercolor and gold paint drawing on parchment attributed to Joris Hoefnagel, a versatile Flemish artist.
Subject & Meaning
The piece depicts a llama and a moose, exemplifying Hoefnagel's focus on natural history illustrations, characteristic of his detailed approach to rendering the natural world.
Technique & Style
Executed in watercolor and gold paint on parchment, the work showcases Hoefnagel's skill as one of the last prominent manuscript illuminators, blending detailed naturalism with the luxury of gold accents.
History & Provenance
While specific provenance details for *Plate 4* are not provided, its creation around 1594 situates it within Hoefnagel's later output, contributing to the evolution of northern European topographical and floral still-life art.
Context
*Plate 4: Llama and Moose* reflects the late 16th-century manuscript illumination tradition, with Hoefnagel's natural history themes and meticulous style influencing the development of topographical drawing in northern Europe.
Artist & collection
Artist
Joris Hoefnagel or Georg Hoefnagel (1542 – 24 July 1601) was a Flemish painter, printmaker, miniaturist, draftsman and merchant.

















