Artwork
Saint Nicholas of Bari, John the Baptist and Philip

Saint Nicholas of Bari, John the Baptist and Philip is an oil painting by the Early Baroque Italian artist Rocco Marconi. It dates from 1507 and is held in the collection of the Bavarian State Painting Collections.
About this work
Overview
Created in 1507, this oil painting brings together three holy figures—Saint Nicholas of Bari, John the Baptist, and Philip—in a tranquil composition.
Created in 1507, this oil painting brings together three holy figures—Saint Nicholas of Bari, John the Baptist, and Philip—in a tranquil composition. The central saint is distinguished by a white habit and a red‑gold mantle, while the companions are rendered in green and red garments respectively. A pair of cherubic figures hold aloft a bishop’s mitre, and the scene unfolds beneath a softly clouded sky that opens onto a distant landscape.
Subject & Meaning
The work presents a devotional grouping that emphasizes the intercessory role of Saint Nicholas, identified by his book and staff, alongside the prophetic presence of John the Baptist, who bears a lamb, and the apostolic authority of Philip, indicated by his cross. The inclusion of the cherubs and the mitre underscores the celestial endorsement of the saints’ virtues, inviting contemplation of faith, sacrifice, and ecclesiastical hierarchy.
Technique & Style
Executed in oil on panel, the painting displays the early Baroque sensibility that was emerging in northern Italy, with a softened modeling of flesh and a subtle chiaroscuro that gives volume to the figures. Marconi’s brushwork balances fine detail—such as the texture of the cloaks—with broader, atmospheric treatment of the sky and distant terrain, reflecting the influence of his Venetian training.
History & Provenance
The piece was produced by Rocco Marconi, a painter active in Venice and Treviso during the Renaissance. After its creation, the work entered the collection of the Alte Pinakothek in Munich, where it remains part of the museum’s holdings of Italian religious art. Its provenance traces a typical path for Venetian paintings acquired by German institutions in the 19th century.
Context
Marconi worked under the tutelage of Giovanni Bellini, sharing a workshop environment with contemporaries such as Vittore Belliniano and Girolamo Santacroce. This artistic lineage is evident in the painting’s compositional balance and color palette, which echo Bellini’s harmonious approach while anticipating the more dynamic narratives that would characterize later Baroque religious scenes.
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Artist & collection
Artist
Rocco Marconi (born before 1490 – 13 May 1529) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period, active mainly in Venice and Treviso.











