Lakshmi was painted by Unknown in 1890.

Where can I see Lakshmi?

Lakshmi is held by Victoria and Albert Museum.

What movement is Lakshmi?

Lakshmi is associated with Impressionism.

Artwork

Lakshmi

Unknown , 1890

Lakshmi is a paint painting by the Impressionist artist Unknown. It dates from 1890 and is held in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum.

About this work

Overview

Created in 1890, this opaque watercolor on paper portrays the Hindu deity Lakshmi seated on a red lotus. She is shown with four arms, adorned in a red garment, gold ornaments and a crown of coins, while an owl accompanies her. The composition includes typical decorative motifs such as surrounding flowers and swirling background patterns.

Subject & Meaning

Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity, is depicted holding a lotus and a pot, symbols of purity and abundance, while one hand gestures upward and another rests on her knee. The presence of the owl, traditionally linked to the goddess, reinforces themes of fortune and vigilance within the visual narrative.

Technique & Style

The work exemplifies the 19th‑century Kalighat school, recognizable through its vivid palette, strong outlines, and a blend of devotional iconography with everyday visual elements. The use of opaque watercolor on paper allows for bright, flat areas of color that emphasize the figure’s decorative attire and the surrounding ornamental patterns.

History & Provenance

The painting formed part of a larger album comprising 196 prints, paintings, and drawings assembled by J. Lockwood Kipling during his travels in Upper India and Bengal between 1865 and 1893. In 1917, the collection was bequeathed to the museum by Kipling’s son, the writer Rudyard Kipling.

Context

Kalighat paintings emerged from the bustling religious market of Kolkata’s Kalighat temple, where artists catered to both devotional patrons and secular buyers. This dual audience encouraged the incorporation of mythological subjects like Lakshmi alongside motifs drawn from contemporary daily life, reflecting a transitional moment in Indian visual culture.