Museum

Ethnographical Museum of Transylvania

Ethnographical Museum of Transylvania is a museum.

About Ethnographical Museum of Transylvania

Founding & Early History

The Ethnographic Museum of Transylvania was established on June 16, 1922, marking the beginning of its over century-long operation. The initiative for its creation led to the first research campaigns in 1922-1923, which resulted in the acquisition of 1,230 objects and 160 photographs. These initial ethnographic materials formed the foundation for the first permanent exhibition, which opened in the spring of 1923. Until 1925, the museum operated provisionally in the building of the former Reduta, before moving to other locations until 1957.

Institutional Evolution & Locations

Until 1957, the museum was housed in various locations around the city of Cluj-Napoca. Preparations for the current building began in 1957, following a period where the institution functioned in the Reduta building between 1935 and 1957, with an interruption during the years 1940-1945. The Reduta building, which now houses the pavilion section, takes its name from the main hall, a French term for a dance hall that historically hosted significant political and cultural events in Transylvania.

The Romulus Vuia Open-Air Park

The National Ethnographic Park 'Romulus Vuia' serves as the open-air section of the museum and was founded on June 1, 1929, as the first open-air museum in Romania. It was established as a section of the museum by a decision of the Ministry of Culture and Arts and officially acknowledged by law in 1932. The park was founded by ethnologist Romulus Vuia, who chose an organizational model where rural farmsteads were inhabited by peasants engaged in traditional economic activities. The initial surface area of the park was 75 hectares.

Collection & Holdings

The museum possesses a collection of more than 50,000 objects that reflect the occupations, habits, and lifestyle of the Transylvanian rural population. In addition to physical artifacts, the institution maintains a collection of approximately 50,000 photographs and 5,000 diapositives. The library houses some 12,000 scholarly journals and specialized magazines. Over its history, the museum has gathered tens of thousands of artifacts, some displayed in permanent exhibitions and others shown during temporary events.

Exhibition Themes & Accessibility

The current permanent exhibition is entitled 'Folk culture in Transylvania - 18th – 20th centuries' and covers various aspects of life including birth, childhood, youth, and the life cycle events such as weddings and funerals. The exhibition also features traditional harvest wreaths, Jewish cult pieces, and elements related to seasonal celebrations like Christmas, Easter, and Sângiorzul. To ensure accessibility, the museum includes podotactile bands for the blind and a permanent tactile exhibition titled 'Touch and Understand – the Tactile Message of the Traditional Peasant Objects,' created in 2009.

Park Sectors & Architectural Features

The National Ethnographic Park is divided into two main sectors: the technical installations sector and the farmsteads sector. The technical sector includes workshops and installations from the 18th to 20th centuries illustrating traditional techniques for working wood, iron, gold, wool, clay, stone, cereals, and olive oil. The farmsteads sector contains traditional peasant houses from the 17th to 20th centuries, representative of distinct ethnographic areas of Transylvania, equipped with household inventory. The park also features three traditional churches that serve as monuments of folk architecture.

What to see at Ethnographical Museum of Transylvania

Start with Icoana îi reprezintă pe Sfinții Împărați Constantin și Elena, pictați frontal, în picioare, ținând împreună în mână Crucea Răstignirii, ce domină central compoziția. Împărăteasa Elena ține în mâna stângă o ramură, îar împăratul Constantin are în mâna dreaptă un sceptru. Fondul icoanei e pictat integral doar în partea superioară unde apar în colțuri două ornamente din registrul vegetal, în rest e pictat cu laviuri colorate și decorat cu flori realizate din puncte, fiind vizibil fondul din hârtie argintată. Cromatica icoanei se compune din tonuri de roșu, alb, albastru, maro și gri. Rama icoanei e profilată, bicromă (latura interioară roșie, iar cea exterioară verde, decorată cu motive florale și geometrice) și e formată din îmbinarea a patru baghete de lemn. Sticla are un fragment lipsă, de mici dimensiuni, în partea stângă-sus. by 1850.

Artworks shown from Ethnographical Museum of Transylvania are in the public domain; images via the open-access programs of their source collections. Spotted an error in this record? Tell us.