Artwork

Il est devenu pro-pri-é-taire!

Il est devenu pro-pri-é-taire!, by Honoré Daumier, ink, 1846
Il est devenu pro-pri-é-taire!, by Honoré Daumier, ink, 1846

Il est devenu pro-pri-é-taire! is an ink print by the Romanticist artist Honoré Daumier. It dates from 1846 and is held in the collection of the National Gallery of Art.

About this work

Overview

Honoré Daumier’s 1846 lithograph titled *Il est devenu pro‑pri‑é‑taire!* captures a brief encounter between an older woman and a man. The composition freezes a moment of quiet dialogue, allowing viewers to observe the subtle exchange of gestures and expressions that hint at the characters’ inner states and the social atmosphere of mid‑nineteenth‑century France.

Subject & Meaning

The two figures appear engaged in a serious conversation, their faces marked by concentration and perhaps concern. The elderly woman’s posture, slightly bent, and the man’s attentive lean suggest a dynamic of respect and inquiry, reflecting everyday interpersonal relations and the nuanced emotional landscape of ordinary people that Daumier often explored.

Technique & Style

Daumier employs the lithographic process with dense cross‑hatching, a method that builds tonal variation through intersecting lines. This approach renders fine details in the characters’ faces and clothing, while also creating a textured atmosphere that conveys mood. The stark contrasts achieved by the hatching emphasize the intensity of the exchange without relying on color.

History & Provenance

Created in 1846, the print belongs to Daumier’s early period of social commentary, produced when he was establishing his reputation as a chronicler of French life. Though specific ownership records are limited, the work has been held in several public collections, illustrating its continued relevance as a document of 19th‑century urban society.

Artist & collection

Portrait of Honoré Daumier

Artist

Honoré Daumier

Honoré-Victorin Daumier was a French painter, sculptor, and printmaker, whose many works offer commentary on the social and political life in France, from the Revolution of 1830 to the fall of the Second French Empire in 1870.

This work is in the public domain (CC0). Image source: National Gallery of Art open access. Spotted an error in this record? Tell us.