What movement is Studies for the Diploma of the International Exhibition, 1868?

Studies for the Diploma of the International Exhibition, 1868 is associated with Impressionism.

Artwork

Studies for the Diploma of the International Exhibition, 1868

Studies for the Diploma of the International Exhibition, 1868 is a drawing by the Impressionist artist Edward John, Sir Poynter. It dates from 1868 and is held in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum. These are preparatory drawings made by Sir Edward John Poynter in 1868 for the diploma that would accompany the International Exhibition.

About this work

Overview

These are preparatory drawings made by Sir Edward John Poynter in 1868 for the diploma that would accompany the International Exhibition. Executed as a monochrome study, the sheets illustrate the compositional scheme that Poynter intended for the final, larger work.

Subject & Meaning

The composition features a symmetrical arrangement: two robust figures kneel on either side, each supporting a massive column, while a chariot drawn by a pair of horses speeds across the upper register, driven by a seated figure. The empty central panel suggests a focal space to be filled in the completed diploma, perhaps with allegorical or celebratory imagery.

Technique & Style

Rendered entirely in black line, the drawing relies on dense hatching and cross‑hatching to model volume and convey depth. Poynter’s use of fine, parallel strokes creates subtle tonal variations, emphasizing the weight of the columns and the kinetic energy of the chariot.

History & Provenance

Created as part of the design process for the 1868 International Exhibition diploma, the studies remained in Poynter’s studio before entering the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum, where they are held as examples of his preparatory methodology.

Context

The International Exhibition of 1868 was a major cultural event in London, showcasing advances in industry, art, and design. Diplomas were formal certificates presented to exhibitors, often embellished with elaborate allegorical scenes, and Poynter’s design reflects the Victorian taste for heroic, classical motifs.

Artist & collection

Artist

Edward John, Sir Poynter

Sir Edward John Poynter, 1st Baronet (20 March 1836 – 26 July 1919) was an English painter, designer, and draughtsman, who served as President of the Royal Academy.