Artwork

Moses and the ten commandments, the fig tree, and the widow

Moses and the ten commandments, the fig tree, and the widow, by Ludovico Mazzolino, oil, 1527
Moses and the ten commandments, the fig tree, and the widow, by Ludovico Mazzolino, oil, 1527

Moses and the ten commandments, the fig tree, and the widow is an oil painting by the Mannerist artist Ludovico Mazzolino. It dates from 1527 and is held in the collection of the Rijksmuseum.

About this work

Overview

Ludovico Mazzolino’s oil painting, executed in 1527, presents a densely populated religious tableau. The composition stretches horizontally, filled with figures in vivid reds, blues and golds, set against a dark backdrop. Central to the scene is a solitary fig tree bearing fruit, while a luminous tablet is held aloft on the left. The work is part of the Rijksmuseum’s collection.

Subject & Meaning

The image intertwines three biblical moments: Moses receiving the Ten Commandments, the symbolic fig tree, and a widow’s supplication. The tablet’s glow emphasizes divine law, the solitary fig suggests providence or temptation, and the kneeling figures at a table evoke charity or prayer. Together they convey themes of covenant, sustenance, and piety within a single visual narrative.

Technique & Style
Mazzolino employs a Mannerist approach, evident in the elongated figures and exaggerated poses that heighten emotional intensity.

Mazzolino employs a Mannerist approach, evident in the elongated figures and exaggerated poses that heighten emotional intensity. His use of bright pigments against a deep background creates a striking contrast, while subtle chiaroscuro models the bodies, lending them a near‑three‑dimensional presence. The painted surface is smooth, allowing fine detail in the ornate gold frame that surrounds the canvas.

History & Provenance

Created in Ferrara during the later phase of Mazzolino’s career, the painting entered the Dutch national collection in the 19th century, eventually becoming part of the Rijksmuseum’s holdings. Documentation traces its movement from private Italian ownership to acquisition by the museum, where it has remained on display as a representative example of early 16th‑century Italian Mannerism.

Context

The work reflects the diffusion of Renaissance ideas northward, merging Italian narrative conventions with the heightened expressiveness favored by Mannerist artists. Its crowded composition mirrors contemporary devotional prints that sought to educate viewers through multiple scriptural episodes within a single frame, a practice common in Counter‑Reformation visual culture.

Artist & collection

Artist

Ludovico Mazzolino

Ludovico Mazzolino (1480 – c. 1528) - also known as Mazzolini da Ferrara, Lodovico Ferraresa, and Il Ferrarese - was an Italian Renaissance painter active in Ferrara and Bologna.

Rijksmuseum

Museum

Rijksmuseum

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This work is in the public domain (CC0). Image source: Rijksmuseum open access. Spotted an error in this record? Tell us.